Effects of Motivation, Basic Psychological Needs, and Teaching Competence on Disruptive Behaviours in Secondary School Physical Education Students

Currently, disruptive and aggressive behaviours of a physical and verbal nature are a reality among adolescent students and a concern in the educational context. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to analyse the effects of perceived teaching competence, motivation and basic psychological needs on disruptive behaviours in secondary school PE students. The sample was composed of 758 adolescent students from seven public secondary schools. The following instruments adapted to physical education were used: The Disruptive Behaviours Questionnaire, The Evaluation of Teaching Competencies Scale, The Sport Motivation Scale, and The Basic Psychological Needs Scale. Multilevel regression models with the MIXED procedure were performed for data analysis. The results show that misbehaviour is more likely among male students and that disruptive behaviours decrease when a teacher is perceived as competent. Students with greater self-determined motivation are more likely to exhibit fewer behaviours related to low engagement and irresponsibility while amotivation increases the different disruptive behaviours in the classroom. In conclusion, it is proposed that educators work in line with the students’ needs by responding to their interests and that this will increase self-determined motivation

A predictive model of the export behaviour of small and medium sized firms: an applic.

Based on an extensive theoretical review, the aim of this paper is to carry out a closer examination of the differences between exporters according to their commitment to the international market. Once the main disparities are identified by means of a non-parametric test, a logistic analysis based upon data collected from small and medium sized manufacturing firms is conducted in order to construct a classificatory model.Export behaviour; Manufacturing; Small to medium-sized firms; Logistic regression; Ma

Further insights into exporter profiles: a classificatory model

One of the most relevant developments in the recent decades has been the progressive internationalisation of the world economy. To a great extent, physical borders have been removed by technological advancement, and this fact has made possible a rapprochement between countries and their respective cultures. For firms, this situation offers a range of possibilities owing to market increase. But, at the same time, domestic firms will have to face a rise in competition, and, probably, a market share decrease caused by the presence of foreign firms in their local market. Thus, to ensure survival, international expansion of firms’ activities becomes a necessity more than just an option. Despite this evidence, not all firms feel inclined to tackle their internationalisation process. Even between firms already sending their products abroad, it is possible to distinguish those ones that are fully engaged in export activity from those that just consider it an occasional task. That is to say, all exporters have neither the same international orientation, nor show the same export intensity. Consequently, grouping exporters in a single category could be misleading and could also hinder obtaining solid results in this research area. Furthermore, such a classification can counteract the efficiency of governmental export assistance programmes.The aim of this paper is to carry out a closer examination of the differences between active and passive exporters. With this purpose in mind, we first submit the considered variables to a non-parametric test in order to select those ones that better differentiate between both groups of exporters. Once the most relevant disparities are discovered, the significant variables are used to elaborate a classificatory model via a logistic function. The empirical analysis is based upon data collected from small and medium sized manufacturing firms located in Castilla-La Mancha, an inland region of Spain. The results indicate that a firm’s international experience and export intensity, and managers’ perceptions of foreign trade barriers are the most effective variables for distinguishing active from passive exporters. The obtained model accurately classifies 93% of cases. Finally, these findings allow us to formulate some policy recommendations that, probably, will increase the efficiency of export promotion expenditures.

Dynamic Laffer Curves

In an endogenous growth model with human capital accumulation, we discuss the possibility of welfare improving changes on the 1scal policy stance in some actual economies. First, we characterize the extent to which the initial fall in revenues produced by a permanent tax cut can be compensated by an increase in the tax base, due to a dynamic La#er curve efect, showing that there is, in fact, a non-trivial margin for substituting debt for taxes on labor and capital income. Second, we show that the largest feasible reduction in labor income tax rates may easily produce a higher welfare gain than the largest feasible reduction in capital income tax rates. Two qualifications: (a) feasible tax cuts exist only for a relatively high elasticity of intertemporal substitution of consumption, and (b) the preference for the largest feasible tax cut on labor income rather than that on capital income reverses for a low appreciation for leisure, relative to consumption, in the preferences of the representative agent.Endogenous growth; Human capital accumulation; La#er e#ect

THE BIAS FOR FORWARD EXCHANGE RATE AND THE RISK PREMIUM: AN EXPLANATION WITH A STOCHASTIC AND DYNAMIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

Forward exchange rate unbiassedness is rejected in test for international exchange markets. Such issue can be interpreted as evidence of a biased forward rate and/or time-varying risk premia. This paper proposes a stochastic general equilibrium model which generates substantial variability in the magnitude of predictable excess returns. Simulation exercises suggest that higher persistency in the monetary policy produces higher bias in the estimated slope coefficient in the regression of the change in the logarithm of the spot exchange rate on the forward premium. Also, our model suggest that the nature of the transmission between monetary shocks can explain the excess returns puzzle. Empirical evidence for the DM-USD rate that support our theoretical results is provided. La insesgadez del tipo forward ha sido ampliamente rechazada en los estudios empíricos sobre los mercados de tipo cambio internacionales. Este aspecto puede interpretarse como la existencia de un sesgo en la capacidad predictiva del tipo forward y/o la presencia de una prima de riesgo cambiante en el tiempo. Este trabajo propone un modelo dinámico y estocástico de equilibrio general que genera amplia volatilidad en la prima de riesgo. Los ejercicios de simulación llevados a cabo sugieren que una mayor persistencia de la política monetaria produce un mayor sesgo en la pendiente estimada de una regresión del cambio en el logaritmo del tipo spot sobre la prima de riesgo. Además, el modelo sugiere que la naturaleza de la transmisión de los shocks monetarios puede explicar dicho sesgo. Finalmente, el trabajo presenta evidencia empírica sobre el tipo de cambio entre el marco alemán y el dólar americano en línea con los resultados teóricos.Teoría de las expectativas, Prima de riesgo, Tipo de cambio forward, Simulación. Expectations theory, Risk premium, Forward exchange rates, Simulations.

Time-Varying forward Bias and the Volatility of Risk Premium: a Monetary Explanation

Forward exchange rate unbiassedness is rejected for international exchange markets. This paper proposes a stochastic general equilibrium model which generates substantial variability in the magnitude of predictable excess returns. Simulation exercises suggest that high persistency in the monetary policy produces greater bias in the estimated slope coefficient in the regression of the change in the logarithm of the spot exchange rate on the forward premium. Also, our model suggest that the nature of the transmission between monetary shocks can explain the excess return puzzle. Empirical evidence for the US-UK exchange rate according to our theoretical results is provided.La insesgadez del tipo de cambio forward es rechazada para los mercados cambiarios internacionales. Este trabajo propone un modelo de equilibrio general dinámico y estocástico que genera variabilidad suficiente en las magnitudes de los excesos de rendimientos predecibles. Los ejercicios de simulación realizados sugieren que una alta persistencia de la política monetaria produce un mayor sesgo en el coeficiente estimado de la pendiente de la regresión entre la primera diferencia del logaritmo del tipo de cambio spot sobre la prima forward. Además, nuestro modelo sugiere que la naturaleza de la transmisión entre shocks monetarios puede explicar la paradoja del exceso de rendimiento. Por último, proporcionamos evidencia empírica de acuerdo con nuestros resultados teóricos para el tipo de cambio entre EEUU y Reino Unido.

The New Market Effect on Return and Volatility of Spanish Sector Indexes

Recently (April 2000), the New Market index began to be computed in the Spanish Stock Exchange as a relevant indicator of the new technological firms’ behavior in the Spanish economy. This paper provides empirical evidence about the relationships between the return and volatility of Spanish sector indexes and the New Market index volatility. Using GARCH methodology, empirical results reveal a positive significant impact on the financial, industrial and utilities sector volatility, that is, high volatility in New Market tend to increase volatility in the other sectors. On the other hand, only statistical effect is detected on return of industrial sector, suggesting that only this sector require a risk premium when shocks in the technological sector increase the global market risk.Desde abril del 2000 el índice del llamado Nuevo Mercado empezó a contabilizarse en la Bolsa española como un indicador relevante del comportamiento de las empresas tecnológicas en la economía española. Este trabajo proporciona evidencia empírica sobre las relaciones entre el rendimiento y la volatilidad de los índices bursátiles sectoriales españoles y la volatilidad del índice bursátil del Nuevo Mercado. Utilizando la metodología GARCH, los resultados empíricos revelan un impacto significativo importante sobre la volatilidad de los índices de los sectores financiero e industrial, es decir, la alta volatilidad del Nuevo Mercado tiende a incrementar la volatilidad en los otros sectores. Por otro lado, sólo se detecta un efecto significativo sobre el rendimiento del sector industrial, sugiriendo que sólo este sector precisa de una prima de riesgo cuando los shocks en el sector tecnológico incrementan el riesgo de todo el mercado.